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OSPF Tutorial

December 3rd, 2010 Go to comments

For example, R1 wants to find out if it has any neighbor running OSPF it sends a Hello message to the multicast address 224.0.0.5. This is the multicast address for all OSPF routers and all routers running OSPF will proceed this message.

OSPF_initial_route_discovery.jpg

If an OSPF router receives an OSPF Hello packet that satisfied all its requirement then it will establish adjacency with the router that sent the Hello packet. In this example, if R1 meet R2′s requirements, meaning it has the same Hello interval, Dead interval and AREA number, R2 will add R1 to its neighbor table.

+ Hello interval: indicates how often it sends Hello packets. By default, OSPF routers send Hello packets every 10 seconds on multiaccess and point-to-point segments and every 30 seconds on non-broadcast multiaccess (NBMA) segments (like Frame Relay, X.25, ATM)

+ Dead interval: number of seconds this router should wait between receiving hello packets from a neighbor before declaring the adjacency to that neighbor down

+ AREA number: the area it belongs to

OSPF_initial_route_discovery_2.jpg

Now R1 and R2 are neighbors but they don’t exchange LSAs immediately. Instead, they sends Database Description (DD or DBD) packets which contain an abbreviated list of the sending router’s link-state database.

The neighbors also determine who will be the master and who will be the slave. The router which higher router-id will become master and initiates the database exchange. The receiver acknowledges a received DD packet by sending an identical DD packet back to the sender. Each DD packet has a sequence number and only the master can increment sequence numbers.

OSPF_send_DBD.jpg

OSPF_send_DBD_2.jpg

R1 or R2 can send Request to get missing LSA from its neighbors

OSPF_send_request.jpg

OSPF_send_update.jpg

R2 sends back an LSAck packet to acknowledge the packet

OSPF_send_ack.jpg

Comments (190) Comments
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  1. Abdullah Albyati
    April 1st, 2014

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  2. Ravi
    April 17th, 2014

    Great Job Bro, Thanks a million

  3. Jenny
    April 22nd, 2014

    Wonderful, a concise way for me to review. Straight and to-the-point thanks!!

  4. Ashu Mudgil
    May 9th, 2014

    thanks buddy…great job done..thanks once again.

  5. Chandana
    May 19th, 2014

    Hello,

    I have a question. There is a reference to R1, R2, with 192.168.x.x IP addresses. It will be nice if the topology diagram is listed somewhere, I will be able to relate better.

    Thanks

  6. M.umar
    June 5th, 2014

    hi guys !!

    i want to attempt CCNA please help me and suggest dumps

  7. Anonymous
    June 27th, 2014

    really help full gr8 work dude

  8. Bast83
    July 3rd, 2014

    To 9tut: New OSPF question about the process of building the adjacency.You must provide the good stage position between Exstart, Exchange, Loading and Full. You have to put these steps in the right postion.

  9. Anonymous
    July 15th, 2014

    Thank you, nice article.
    It would be nice if you could append it and explain the elusive reasons for DR and BDR routers. I’m still not crystal on that.

  10. Alex
    July 17th, 2014

    This is true watson is no longer valid. please send me the valid VCE. Thank you my email is :alexandrodvd8@gmail.com

  11. FRED
    July 19th, 2014

    Hi, can someone send me the last valid VCE to take icnd1 please? Freddybita@gmail.com

    Thanks in advance

  12. Cel
    July 22nd, 2014

    I’ll take a vice if possible for icnd1 plz. Scheduled exam July 29th. Thx!!!! Celvsmachine@gmail.com

  13. Cel
    July 22nd, 2014

    ^^^^ * VCE thx

  14. Saurabh Shah
    July 30th, 2014

    Hello, i am looking for CCNA(200-120) dumps and cracked VCE file. Please help me. My email ID is shahsaurabh_25@yahoo.co.in

  15. zaifi
    August 2nd, 2014

    god one…

  16. zaifi
    August 2nd, 2014

    good* one….

  17. alberto
    August 13th, 2014

    hello, what about multi area ospf, v2 v3 is this covered here sorry if it is and i didn’t see it

  18. Ron
    August 14th, 2014

    Hi, Can someone send me the last valid VCE CCNA 200-120 please? armymanpk@yahoo.com
    Thanks in advance
    Ron

  19. les123
    August 20th, 2014

    Would somone also send me the latest VCE VVNA 200-120 please? les123@aol.com
    Thanks
    les123

  20. les123
    August 20th, 2014

    that should have been CCNA -200-120.

    Thanks

    les123

  21. Dwayne
    September 30th, 2014

    Can someone also send my the latest VCE CCNA 200-120 please?
    Thanks
    ribtip18@gmail.com

  22. Dwayne
    September 30th, 2014

    This is a great learning forum for network engineers. The information is spot on. I just found this site and is very greatful of the people who put it together. Please keep up the good work team.

  23. Faith
    October 5th, 2014

    Hello, i am looking for CCNA(200-120) dumps and cracked VCE file. Please help me. Email: faithmbugua200@yahoo.com

  24. jasu
    October 10th, 2014

    thanks for this type of information about ospf

  25. Nigel
    October 19th, 2014

    Anyone seen any OSPFv3 questions on the 200-120 exams? Specifically, any involving OSPF configurations using IPv6?

  26. rehan
    October 20th, 2014

    Note: DD works like table fo content.

    fo should be of !

    cheers…

  27. rehan
    October 20th, 2014

    By reading DD, the receiving router can determine what it is missing and them ask the sender to transmit required LSAs..

    them should be then :)

  28. vindanas
    October 20th, 2014

    I’ve passed CCNA 972 .thanks to 9tut.Aii the bet guys!!!

  29. ISHITA
    November 4th, 2014

    GOOD…

  30. Yoni
    November 11th, 2014

    Hi 9tut

    I II test nex week, i need least dump,, plese ,,,send to >> Osmandun7@gmail.com Tanks a lat

  31. Anonymous
    December 24th, 2014

    Question No. 8 for summarization is not understood properly, can someone explain how ?

  32. Anonymous
    December 24th, 2014

    Question 6:

    Refer to the exhibit. What is the most efficient summarization that R1 can use to advertise its networks to R2?

    autosummarize

    A. 172.1.0.0/22

    B. 172.1.0.0/21

    C. 172.1.4.0/22

    D. 172.1.4.0/24
    172.1.5.0/24
    172.1.6.0/24
    172.1.7.0/24

    E. 172.1.4.0/25
    172.1.4.128/25
    172.1.5.0/24
    172.1.6.0/24
    172.1.7.0/24

  33. duump
    January 6th, 2015

    dear Anonymous

    the answer is C 172.1.4.0/22
    because that’s prefix 22 have 1022 ip active and then the range ip is 172.1.4.1 until 172.1.7.254 and have network-id = 172.1.4.0 broadcast = 172.1.7.255 , i hope my answere help you CMIIW

  34. Aditaya
    January 16th, 2015

    Use sign R2 In place of R1 in d second router figure. U have named R1 at 2 places but with different interfaces

  35. khan
    January 22nd, 2015

    Watson data is very usefull. 98% question are from Watson. today I passed ccna exam.

  36. ImmiRavian
    February 11th, 2015

    @9tut EIGRP is also now open-standard. Kindly make correction above in OSPF tutorial’s 1st page.

  37. 9tut
    February 11th, 2015

    @ImmiRavian: Yes, thanks for your detection. We updated it.

  38. Anonymous
    March 10th, 2015

    could you modify the name of the Router at the end of the first page ?
    When you are talking about the router 2, please write router R2 and not R1 as in your example.

  39. 9tut
    March 10th, 2015

    @Anonymous: Thanks for your detection. We have just updated it.

  40. K Mahesh babu
    May 22nd, 2015

    thanks 9tut…..its very helpful to me.

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