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OSPF Tutorial

December 3rd, 2010 Go to comments

There are 3 type of tables

+ Neighbor

+ Topology

+ Routing

Neighbor table

+ Contain information about the neighbors

+ Neighbor is a router which shares a link on same network

+ Another relationship is adjacency

+ Not necessarily all neighbors

+ LSA updates are only when adjacency is established

Topology table

+ Contain information about all network and path to reach any network

+ All LSA’s are entered into the topology table

+ When topology changes LSA’s are generated and send new LSA’s

+ On topology table an algorithm is run to create a shortest path, this algorithm is known as SPF or dijkstra algorithm

Routing Table

+ Also knows as forwarding database

+ Generated when an algorithm is run on the topology database

+ Routing table for each router is unique

D: Exchange LSDB’s list

Neighbors use DD (Data Description) to exchange their LSDB catalogs.  In this scenario, R1 sends DD to R2 first. It says: I have a Route LSA from R1. R2 also sends DD to R1: I have a Route LSA from R2.

Note: DD works like table fo content. It lists what LSDB has, but not details. By  reading DD, the receiving router can determine what it is missing and them ask the sender to transmit required LSAs..

R1 Request, R2 Update

R1 has learned that R2 has a R2 Router LSA that it does not have.

R1 sends a LS Request to R2. When R2 receives this request, it sends an Update to transmit this LSA to R1.

R2 Request, R1 Update

R2 also sends request to R1. R1 replies an Update. Upon receiving Update, R2 adds R1 Router LSA to its LSDB, calculates its routes, and add a new entry (192.168.1.0, S1/0) to its routing tabe.

Note: OSPF works distributely. After routers have synchronized their LSDB, they use the same data (LSDB) to calculate shortest paths, and updates their routing tables independently.

Ack update : LSAs are received

In order to assure reliable transmission, when a router receives an Update, it sends an Ack to the Update sender. If the sender does not receivie Ack within a specific peried, it times out and retransmits Update.

Note: OSPF uses Update-Ack to implemnet relaible transmission. It does not use TCP.

H1 ping H2: succeeded.

Each OSPF router creates a Router LSA to describe its interfaces’ IP addresses and floods its Router LSA to its neighbors. After a few rounds of flooding, all OSPF routers have the same set of Router LSAs in their LSDBs. Now routers can use the same LSDB to calculate routes and update routing tables.

From LSDB, a router learns the entire topology: the number of routers being connected. Router interfaces and their IP addresses, interface link costs (OSPF metric). With such detail information, routers are able to calculate routing paths to reach all destinations found in LSDB. For example, in the OSPF basic simulation (see External links), R1′s LSDB contains two Router LSAs: – A Router LSA from R1. R1 has two links. Their IP addresses are 192.168.1.0/24,192.168.3.0/30. – A Router LSA from R2. R2 has two links. Their IP addresses are 192.168.2.0/24,192.168.3.0/30. From these LSA, R1 can calculate the routing path to reach remote destination 192.11.68.2.2 and adds an entry (192.168.2.0/24, S1/0) to its routing table.

Comments (190) Comments
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  1. Abdullah Albyati
    April 1st, 2014

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  2. Ravi
    April 17th, 2014

    Great Job Bro, Thanks a million

  3. Jenny
    April 22nd, 2014

    Wonderful, a concise way for me to review. Straight and to-the-point thanks!!

  4. Ashu Mudgil
    May 9th, 2014

    thanks buddy…great job done..thanks once again.

  5. Chandana
    May 19th, 2014

    Hello,

    I have a question. There is a reference to R1, R2, with 192.168.x.x IP addresses. It will be nice if the topology diagram is listed somewhere, I will be able to relate better.

    Thanks

  6. M.umar
    June 5th, 2014

    hi guys !!

    i want to attempt CCNA please help me and suggest dumps

  7. Anonymous
    June 27th, 2014

    really help full gr8 work dude

  8. Bast83
    July 3rd, 2014

    To 9tut: New OSPF question about the process of building the adjacency.You must provide the good stage position between Exstart, Exchange, Loading and Full. You have to put these steps in the right postion.

  9. Anonymous
    July 15th, 2014

    Thank you, nice article.
    It would be nice if you could append it and explain the elusive reasons for DR and BDR routers. I’m still not crystal on that.

  10. Alex
    July 17th, 2014

    This is true watson is no longer valid. please send me the valid VCE. Thank you my email is :alexandrodvd8@gmail.com

  11. FRED
    July 19th, 2014

    Hi, can someone send me the last valid VCE to take icnd1 please? Freddybita@gmail.com

    Thanks in advance

  12. Cel
    July 22nd, 2014

    I’ll take a vice if possible for icnd1 plz. Scheduled exam July 29th. Thx!!!! Celvsmachine@gmail.com

  13. Cel
    July 22nd, 2014

    ^^^^ * VCE thx

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    July 30th, 2014

    Hello, i am looking for CCNA(200-120) dumps and cracked VCE file. Please help me. My email ID is shahsaurabh_25@yahoo.co.in

  15. zaifi
    August 2nd, 2014

    god one…

  16. zaifi
    August 2nd, 2014

    good* one….

  17. alberto
    August 13th, 2014

    hello, what about multi area ospf, v2 v3 is this covered here sorry if it is and i didn’t see it

  18. Ron
    August 14th, 2014

    Hi, Can someone send me the last valid VCE CCNA 200-120 please? armymanpk@yahoo.com
    Thanks in advance
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  19. les123
    August 20th, 2014

    Would somone also send me the latest VCE VVNA 200-120 please? les123@aol.com
    Thanks
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  20. les123
    August 20th, 2014

    that should have been CCNA -200-120.

    Thanks

    les123

  21. Dwayne
    September 30th, 2014

    Can someone also send my the latest VCE CCNA 200-120 please?
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  22. Dwayne
    September 30th, 2014

    This is a great learning forum for network engineers. The information is spot on. I just found this site and is very greatful of the people who put it together. Please keep up the good work team.

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    October 5th, 2014

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  24. jasu
    October 10th, 2014

    thanks for this type of information about ospf

  25. Nigel
    October 19th, 2014

    Anyone seen any OSPFv3 questions on the 200-120 exams? Specifically, any involving OSPF configurations using IPv6?

  26. rehan
    October 20th, 2014

    Note: DD works like table fo content.

    fo should be of !

    cheers…

  27. rehan
    October 20th, 2014

    By reading DD, the receiving router can determine what it is missing and them ask the sender to transmit required LSAs..

    them should be then :)

  28. vindanas
    October 20th, 2014

    I’ve passed CCNA 972 .thanks to 9tut.Aii the bet guys!!!

  29. ISHITA
    November 4th, 2014

    GOOD…

  30. Yoni
    November 11th, 2014

    Hi 9tut

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  31. Anonymous
    December 24th, 2014

    Question No. 8 for summarization is not understood properly, can someone explain how ?

  32. Anonymous
    December 24th, 2014

    Question 6:

    Refer to the exhibit. What is the most efficient summarization that R1 can use to advertise its networks to R2?

    autosummarize

    A. 172.1.0.0/22

    B. 172.1.0.0/21

    C. 172.1.4.0/22

    D. 172.1.4.0/24
    172.1.5.0/24
    172.1.6.0/24
    172.1.7.0/24

    E. 172.1.4.0/25
    172.1.4.128/25
    172.1.5.0/24
    172.1.6.0/24
    172.1.7.0/24

  33. duump
    January 6th, 2015

    dear Anonymous

    the answer is C 172.1.4.0/22
    because that’s prefix 22 have 1022 ip active and then the range ip is 172.1.4.1 until 172.1.7.254 and have network-id = 172.1.4.0 broadcast = 172.1.7.255 , i hope my answere help you CMIIW

  34. Aditaya
    January 16th, 2015

    Use sign R2 In place of R1 in d second router figure. U have named R1 at 2 places but with different interfaces

  35. khan
    January 22nd, 2015

    Watson data is very usefull. 98% question are from Watson. today I passed ccna exam.

  36. ImmiRavian
    February 11th, 2015

    @9tut EIGRP is also now open-standard. Kindly make correction above in OSPF tutorial’s 1st page.

  37. 9tut
    February 11th, 2015

    @ImmiRavian: Yes, thanks for your detection. We updated it.

  38. Anonymous
    March 10th, 2015

    could you modify the name of the Router at the end of the first page ?
    When you are talking about the router 2, please write router R2 and not R1 as in your example.

  39. 9tut
    March 10th, 2015

    @Anonymous: Thanks for your detection. We have just updated it.

  40. K Mahesh babu
    May 22nd, 2015

    thanks 9tut…..its very helpful to me.

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